Ocean Pollution

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An open-air garbage dump tarnishes the sapphire coast of Barrow, Alaska. Trash that makes its way into the oceans decomposes very slowly, littering coastlines, polluting ground water, and harming marine creatures that mistake the trash for food.

A miscellany of soda caps, drink cartons, and plastic scraps sits at the edge of an Acapulco, Mexico, beach. Plastic debris, which can take 500 years to decompose, made up more than half of the litter found on beaches in 2005.

A pool of saffron-colored oil paints swirls along Alaska's shoreline following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. Although it was not large compared to other spills, the Valdez oil spill was one of the world's most ecologically devastating disasters, spoiling more than 1,200 miles (1,931 kilometers) of shoreline, including three national parks, three national wildlife refuges, and one national forest.

Fishermen confront oil-slicked waters in Eleanor Bay, Alaska, days after tanker Exxon Valdez disgorged nearly 11 million gallons (41,640 kiloliters) of oil into Prince William Sound. The 1989 event is the worst oil spill in U.S. history and hurt generations of wildlife including salmon, sea otters, seals, and sea birds.

Emulsified oil washes ashore after the MV Braer, a U.S.-owned oil tanker, ran aground in hurricane-force winds off the Shetland Islands. The 1993 spill emptied 93,366 short tons (84,700 metric tons) of oil into the North Sea.

Telltale smears of black sludge, the remnants of an oil spill, stain California's Huntington Beach. Even small amounts of oil can wreak widespread havoc�just one quart (one liter) of oil can create a two-acre-wide (0.8-hectare-wide) oil slick.

Oil-coated crabs lie dead on a rocky beach somewhere in the United States. Oil spills can have widespread effects on nearly all creatures that come into contact with it, from algae to migratory birds, to marine mammals.

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